Hydroquinone: Environmental Pollution, Toxicity, and Microbial Answers Data 53, 12781282 (2008), A. 0 7 r @ &. The solubilities in binary and ternary systems of hydroquinone (1,4-dihydroxybenzene) and p-quinone (1,4-benzoquinone) in supercritical carbon dioxide were measured in the pressure range 10.0 to 35.0 MPa at temperatures of 333, 348 and 363 K.In binary systems, the solubility of hydroquinone was three orders of magnitude lower than that of p-quinone. Then add it to the ingredients. Obagi Nu-Derm Clear (Hydroquinone USP, 4%) Skin Bleaching Cream Obagi HYdroquinone can be found in various skin care products. Polysorbate 20 0.5% 0.15g. &"oq YcbX.=a*t R@ At 40C, 4% hydroquinone compositions have the same color stability with slightly more sodium metabisulfite, at least about 0.01% at about 3.5 to about 4.0 pH; at least about 0.05% sodium metabisulfite at about 4.5 to about 6.0 pH; and at pH; at least about 0.05% sodium metabisulfite at about 4.5 to about 6.0 pH; and at least about 0.10% sodium metabisulfite at about 6.5 to about 7.0 pH. So, does anybody know of another solvent I could use that has a higher . Such carriers are widely known in the art and deliver the composition's ingredients to the skin without excessive degradation, inactivation or other unwanted interaction. How do I dissolve hydroquinone powder to make a 20% and 10% concentration? S.C. Gad, T. Pham, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), 2014 Environmental Fate and Behavior. How to make CE Ferulic with HA and NO propylene glycol? HlRMo0WB:NnVCnE4(i0 (1* )@NzHR!>i;8XaXnsO0LNT0l$B%"NAb0I9V *6/-\vn0W"fKF:AAgl:psRZ?k`&eB IUQ0ET;W#vL=@XwRG{-LHlTz]^s%OB(GF 11'I Methods and products for nucleic acid production and delivery, Nucleic acid product and its administration method, Nucleic acid product and method of administration thereof, Compositions and systems for the treatment of hyperpigmentation, Methods for prevention of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, Skin care compositions containing retinoids, Improved method for stability of ageing comprising thirosinase inhibitor activity, Use of ascorbic acid to reduce irritation of topically applied active ingredients, COSMETIC COMPOSITIONS WITH ANTIMICOTIC PROPERTIES, EFFECTIVE AGAINST PSORIASIS AND HAIR LOSS AND COSMETIC METHOD FOR, Treatment or prevention of undesired skin pigmentation, Skin care compositions and method of improving skin appearance, Ultrasound enhancement of percutaneous drug absorption, Skin whiteners containing hydroxytetronic acid, Stabilized retinoid-containing skin care compositions, Retinoid compositions containing a water soluble antioxidant and a chelator, Composition and method for treating rosacea and sensitive skin with free radical scavengers, Skin care compositions containing imidazoles and retinoids, Stable compositions containing a retinoid and an enzyme based antioxidant system, Self-tanning compositions containing dha and propolis extract, Composition and process for stabilizing oxygen-unstable species, Bleaching preparation and cosmetic for preventing and improving aging of skin, Composition and method for the treatment of pigmentation disorders, Composition for cosmetic or pharmaceutical use, Remedies for pigmentation and melanocyte proliferation inhibitors, Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase, Divisional application: reference to earlier application, Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent. Hydroquinone is a white crystalline solid, poorly soluble in water, but more soluble in organic solvents. Mobility in soil No additional information available 12.5. It exerts a depigmenting effect on skin of mammals by increasing the excretion of melanin from the melanocytes. GHS P Statement: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. vz >I d50dwp?i4,H3. Tests, which results are detailed in the following two tables, are performed at 5C and 40C for certain percentages of magnesium ascorbyl phosphate at specific pHs. PDF Hydroquinone Hydroquinone, like phenols are very weak acids and can be deprotonated. 88, 161164 (2010), J. Delgado, Int. Diamines, useful in the rubber industry as antiozone agents, are similarly produced from aniline: Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent that is soluble in water. 0000085850 00000 n This range of pH has been preferred for hydroquinone compositions, because it has been believed that the hydroquinone is less likely to excessively discolor under acid conditions. The color stability of the hydroquinone composition is promoted by one or more antioxidants in the hydroquinone phase, preferably sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, and a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. Cat No. : H329-500 Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in For more information, please see our Our team has been notified and we will fix it as soon as possible. 0000002585 00000 n The disodium diphenolate salt of hydroquinone is used as an alternating comonomer unit in the production of the polymer PEEK. 420, 2429 (2016), W. E. Acree Jr, Thermochim Acta 189, 3756 (1991), F. L. Nordstrm, . C. Rasmuson, J. Chem. We apologize! and solubility in water. Phase A: Dissolve L-Ascorbic Acid in distilled water via agitation and gentle heating (warm, never hot or you will denature the ascorbic acid). It is highly soluble in water (70 g/litre at 25 C) and the log n-octanol/water partition coefficient is 0.59. However, hydroquinone discolors at the pH range of 7.0 to 8.5. [32], Hydroquinone is thought to be the active toxin in Agaricus hondensis mushrooms. Eng. 552591, Z. Esina, M. Korchuganova, Theor. It is understood that while the invention has been described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, that the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims. Monobenzone: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action - DrugBank This compound is gathered from the beaver's castor sacs.[35]. 20grams ofhydroquinonein 20oz is liquid is 10%. Table I shows that at 5C, 4% hydroquinone compositions maintain their white color with the addition of at least about 0.01% sodium metabisulfite at the low pH ranges (from about 3.50 to about 5.50) and at least 0.05% sodium metabisulfite for pH about 6.0 to about 7.0. This chamber is lined with cells that secrete catalases and peroxidases. Then add it to the ingredients. 0000002221 00000 n n3kGz=[==B0FX'+tG,}/Hh8mW2p[AiAN#8$X?AKHI{!7. 2017-02-16T10:10:56+01:00 Protected retinoid may be added to these compositions for additional skin benefit effects. This website uses cookies. I would like to add retinol and kojic acid to it as well. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-020-02750-4. Glycerol and citric acid, non-toxic and renewable reagents, were crosslinked by a melt polymerization reaction at temperatures from 90-150C. This is seen at about a pH of 3.50 with at least about 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, and again at a pH of about 6.5 to about 7.0 with at least about 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. 0000008514 00000 n Van Haelst, P. Heesen, F. Van Der Wielen, H. Govers, Chemosphere 29, 16511660 (1994), Article For a shipping quote, check the box and the bottom and provide us your shipping information. 15, 188196 (1996), U. Domaska, Fluid Phase Equilib. The Boiling Point of hydroquinone is 287C Also, the Melting Point of hydroquinone is 172C. Calorim. This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions. For use herein, the encapsulation forms a protective system to prohibit or inhibit the oxidation of the retinoid. Hydroquinone IS a white crystalline substance when pure and is highly soluble in water. wG xR^[ochg`>b$*~ :Eb~,m,-,Y*6X[F=3Y~d tizf6~`{v.Ng#{}}jc1X6fm;'_9 r:8q:O:8uJqnv=MmR 4 Hydroquinone | C6H4(OH)2 - PubChem 0000005757 00000 n 58 / Monday, March 26, 2012 / Rules and Regulations 10/31/2017 EN (English US) 6/8 12.3. In the United States, the most commonly used treatment for hyperpigmentation is 1,4-benzenediol, which is known as hydroquinone. Data 51, 127129 (2006), J. Lim, S. Jang, H. K. Cho, M. S. Shin, H. Kim, J. Chem. The Molecular Weight is 110.11 g/mol. Hydroquinone - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Hydroquinone is combustible when preheated. Hydroquinone | C6H4(OH)2 or C6H6O2 | CID 785 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities . Antioxidants in the hydroquinone phase and inorganic or amino acyl cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, preferably sodium metabisulfite and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate respectively, are effective in stabilizing such hydroquinone compositions, which are used in treatment of pigmentation disorders. I did that by using 1 cup of cream, 4tbsp of hydroquinone and 4tbsp of water or solvent. Conversion factors (at 25C and normal atmospheric pressure) 1 ppm = 4.5 mg/m 3 1 mg/m 3 = 0.222 ppm Table 1. Hydroquinone USP, Eastman - ChemPoint AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR, Kind code of ref document: Solubility of Hydroquinone in Different Solvents from 276.65 K to 114, 175188 (1996), I. Hahnenkamp, G. Graubner, J. Gmehling, Int. Eng. International Journal of Thermophysics Will glycerol and citric acid react? If yes, under what conditions? Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Sodium metabisulfite has the added advantage that it does not discolor by oxidation. Other properties of hydroquinone are given in Table 1. Hydroquinone is an aromatic organic compound which is currently used in two main sectors: . A2, Designated state(s): Chemically, hydroquinone is designated as p-dihydroxybenzene; the empirical formula is C 6 H 6 O 2; molecular weight is 110.0. 65, 5786 (1998), Y.-H. Zhang, Trends Analyt. The experimental solubility data was well-correlated with the data, calculated by . J. Chem. If youre making your lotion. STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN. Eastman Hydroquinone, USP, meets or exceeds the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia and is produced under conditions of current good manufacturing practices (cGMP). Skin Contact Wash off immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. 49, 313321 (2015). Hydroquinone Safety Data Sheet according to Federal Register / Vol. A further embodiment of the invention includes a method for stabilizing a hydroquinone composition (with about 1% to about 12% hydroquinone, preferably about 2% to about 10%, more preferably about 2% to about 8%, and most preferably about 3% to about 4%) with a neutral pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5, by adding a water-soluble antioxidant, preferably sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, and a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, preferably sodium ascorbyl phosphate, more preferably aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. Human exposure to hydroquinone can occur by dietary, occupational, and environmental sources. If you have any specific questions, please include them in the comments section. J. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Hydroquinone undergoes oxidation under mild conditions to give benzoquinone, process which is reversible. Discoloration of hydroquinone compositions may be accelerated by repeated exposure to oxygen or exposing the compositions to high temperatures, which may be found inside a car or delivery vehicle on a hot sunny day. Airborne hydroquinone may be oxidized to quinone at ordinary . Retinoids, in particular retinoic acid, retinal, and their derivatives, isomers and analogs (such as adapalene, tazarotene and isotretoin), are beneficial for improving rough skin texture, mottled pigmentation, sallow complexion, lines and wrinkles. Thus, merely adding one retinoid to a hydroquinone composition would result in instability and/or discoloration, and adding hydroquinone to a retinoid product would have a similar result. [22] The FDA stated that hydroquinone cannot be ruled out as a potential carcinogen. There are various other uses associated with its reducing power. These phases (described below) are combined in a mixing tank with an in-line homogenizer as follows. 0000004433 00000 n Hydroquinone is combustible when preheated. Then take the water and put the measurement into the microwave until boiled. x- [ 0}y)7ta>jT7@t`q2&6ZL?_yxg)zLU*uSkSeO4?c. R -25 S>Vd`rn~Y&+`;A4 A9 =-tl`;~p Gp| [`L` "AYA+Cb(R, *T2B- 330, 4851 (2012), A. Shalmashi, A. Eliassi, J. Chem. uuid:3780f5dc-b322-4e29-9b1d-4c4d10b1e282 English, J.C. and Deisinger, P.J. %PDF-1.4 % When the contents of the reservoir are forced into the reaction chamber, the catalases and peroxidases rapidly break down the hydrogen peroxide and catalyze the oxidation of the hydroquinones into p-quinones. The original Acros Organics product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals. Have an order or account question? [27] Several such agents are already available or under research,[28] including azelaic acid,[29] kojic acid, retinoids, cysteamine,[30] topical steroids, glycolic acid, and other substances. Cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, including inorganic salts, preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, and amino acyl derivatives, preferably aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, are preferred in this invention. It is a major component in most black and white photographic developers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver. RJPT - Hydroquinone Solubility in Pure and Binary Solvent Mixture at Consistent with a condensation reaction, water was determined to be the primary byproduct. [O-]C(=O)C1=NN(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(O)=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1, OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C, Antibiotics FOR TREATMENT OF HEMORRHOIDS AND ANAL FISSURES FOR TOPICAL USE, CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O, [(2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl] dihydrogen phosphate, [Na+]. The present invention is not to be limited by any mechanism described in the specification, because it is defined by the claims. 0000003430 00000 n A common route involves hydroxylation of phenol. Examples of suitable methods of encapsulation include encapsulation by liposomes, wax, paraffin or any material or combination of materials which protect the retinoid from exposure to oxygen and inhibit oxidation of the retinoid from oxidation. 388, 7381 (2010), H. Li, G. Hu, F. Guo, L. Zhao, J. Zhu, Y. Zhang, Can. I've been presented with the problem of trying to dissolve Hydroquinone in a solvent other than water. C6H4O2) is formed. The process of making a stable hydroquinone composition having a pH of about 5.5 to about 8.0 comprising: combining the following ingredients, in a carbon dioxide atmosphere: first, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and sodium metabisulfite, then, third, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, then, Application filed by Medicis Pharmaceutical Corp, [H]O[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])O*)[C@@]1([H])OC(=O)C(O*)=C1O*, OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C, 3-aminopropyl [(2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl] hydrogen phosphate, NCCCOP(O)(=O)OC1=C(O)[C@@H]([C@@H](O)CO)OC1=O, OC(=O)C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C, OC(=O)/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C, trisodium;[(5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-2-oxido-4-oxofuran-3-yl] phosphate, [Na+].[Na+]. Google Scholar, A.-C. Huang, Y.-K. Chuang, C.-F. Huang, C.-M. Shu, J. Therm. Do not put this product in the microwave. Thanks to the added vitamin E, it leaves your skin feeling smooth and soft, too. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. It can also be found on eBay and Amazon. You can expect to hear from a technical specialist within 1 business hour. You can expect to hear back from a ChemPoint product specialist within 1 business hour. Chem. 0000005089 00000 n 76/768/EEC:1976 Council Directive 76/768/EEC of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products: Organic Chemistry, Solomon and Fryhle, 10th edition, Wiley Publishing, 2010. Other antioxidants, for example cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, and sodium ascorbyl phosphate, have not been utilized in combination with hydroquinone in view of the acidic pH, generally from about 3.4 to about 3.5, and the recommended pH range for magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is about 7.0 to 8.5. We will respond to you shortly. 322, 4855 (2012), K. Tamura, T. Kasuga, T. Nakagawa, Fluid Phase Equilib. Eng. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic, hydroximic acids, Carboxylic acids, e.g. Unfortunately, retinoids, in particular retinoic acid, retinal, and their derivatives, isomers and analogs (such as adapalene, tazarotene and isotretoin) also have discoloration problems due to oxidation. The protective system can be an entrapment system, a single or multi-laminar system, such as by formation of vesicle, such as a liposome, or by utilizing wax, paraffin, silicone, polyethylene or any material or system which protects the retinoid from oxidation. 0000000731 00000 n D-170D Solubility of EASTMAN Hydroquinone and Derivatives Subject: Hydroquinone and hydroquinone derivatives listed in this publication are used as intermediates for manufacturing a variety of products and as polymerization inhibitors for vinyl monomers and unsaturated polyester resins. [19][20], In 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration revoked its previous approval of hydroquinone and proposed a ban on all over-the-counter preparations. The present invention addresses the problem of excessive discoloration in hydroquinone compositions of a neutral pH. Also in this embodiment is a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, which further helps to maintain the acceptable color desired in the hydroquinone composition. They may also include ingredients with other therapeutic actions, such as anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, exfoliants and peels. Thus, while cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, have beneficial antioxidant effects on the skin, the combination with hydroquinone in the invention results in a compatible and stable composition. Toughness of the polymer increases due to the presence of flexible units in the backbone such as long chain diols (e.g., diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol) or long chain saturated acids (e.g., adipic . V)gB0iW8#8w8_QQj@&A)/g>'K t;\ $FZUn(4T%)0C&Zi8bxEB;PAom?W= HVoLg~Z+ Int J Thermophys 42, 1 (2021). I understand the concentrations are high but I have used them before, its just too expensive to keep buying from a compounding pharmacy. 132, 165172 (2018), X. Li, Q. Yin, W. Chen, J. Wang, J. Chem. In hydroquinone and sodium metabisulfite compositions, it is believed that the sodium metabisulfite oxidizes first and delays the start of any oxidation of the hydroquinone, so that excessive discoloration is delayed or totally avoided. [34], It is also one of the chemical compounds found in castoreum. 0000002198 00000 n Preferably, the protected retinoid, in particular retinoic acid, retinal, and their derivatives, isomers and analogs (such as adapalene, tazarotene and isotretoin), is in the form of small beads or spheres suitable for incorporation into a topical composition. Editor's Rating: A3, Free format text: Cite this article. The natural pH for conventional hydroquinone compositions is acidic, generally less than about 4 even though this is harsh to the skin and to other components of the product. 12.4. I made my own hydroquinone 4% and added it to my cream. Reference Tables: SOLUBILITIES - uspbpep.com Most preferably, when both a water-soluble antioxidant, preferably sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, and a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, are present, the color of the hydroquinone composition is stabilized in the neutral pH range, preferably for greater than about six months, more preferably for greater than about twelve months and most preferably for greater than about eighteen months. 2017-02-16T09:38:58+01:00 This study was funded by Ministre de l'Enseignement Suprieur et de la Recherche Scientifique. Hydroquinone - Wikipedia Why we like it: This affordable cream contains 2 percent hydroquinone, sunscreen, and costs around five dollars. COMMON BRAND NAME (S): Aclaro, Aclaro PD, Alera, Alphaquin HP, Alustra, Claripel, Complex B . ADS 0000003660 00000 n The preferred protected retinoid is in the form of small beads or vesicles which are of a form that can be adjusted to be incorporated into varied topical compositions. The composition is preferably formulated in separate phases as designated below. Production of Hydroquinone Industrial production of hydroquinone usually happens in two ways. ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012, Free format text: One of these, 4-butylresorcinol, has been proven to be more effective at treating melanin-related skin disorders by a wide margin, as well as safe enough to be made available over the counter. Eastman has active ingredients, thickeners, plasticizers, film formers, and more for your personal care formulations. Forms of retinoids have been developed wherein the retinoid is protected by a protective system. J. Pharm. 0000053439 00000 n 0.5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate protected at pH 6.0-7.0, 1.0-1.5% at pH 5.5-7.0, and 2.0-3.0% at pH 3.5-7.0. Hydroquinone (C6H4(OH)2), also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound, with a variety of uses in chemistry. [21] The FDA officially banned hydroquinone in 2020 as part of a larger reform of the over-the-counter drug review process. Appearance: Free-flowing white crystalsOdor: OdorlessMolecular weight: 110.11Empirical formula: C6H6O2Assay (Anhydrous basis): 99.0-100.5 %Melting point: 172-174CWater: 0.5 wt % max.Residue on ignition: 0.5 % maxSolubility: Moderately soluble in water, glycerin, propylene glycol, and highly soluble in ethanol, Can work in conjunction with glycolic acid to help reduce pigment in melasma Non-GMOExtremely low vapor pressureUSP GradeEuropean Pharma GradeDrug master file available upon request. Antioxidants, preferably sulfites, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts, and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, have been used to stabilize certain compositions, which have included hydroquinone.